The demand and supply for beef in Pakistan has been estimated and projections are made for the year 2030. Seemingly unrelated regression equation by assuming a loglinear specification has been used to analyze the effects of income and prices on the beef demand. Polynomial price lag model has been employed for supply side analysis. Both demand and growth rate models make supply projections for beef. The study is based on field survey data collected in the year 2013, HIES data 2010-11 and time series data for the period 1980-81 to 2011-12. Beef is essential food item, having both positive income/expenditure and price elasticities. Demand for beef is more income elastic in rural areas as compared to urban regions. The results of supply side analysis have shown that price elasticity of beef is positive and statistically significant, implying that higher beef prices stimulate the production. Similarly, total numbers of buffalo and cattle animal units for beef production contribute positively and significantly to the production. The demand projection corresponding to moderate-income growth rate and supply projection based on polynomial price lag model indicate a huge deficit in the beef production by the year 2030. This may results into increase in the prices and decrease in consumption of beef. Thus, immediate policy reforms are required to control the gap between demand and supply of beef for future in the country.

This research tried to prove, with references that, Khairpur State was regarded to be affluent state in undivided India. Income of state was produced from mineral resources, fruits, vegetables, and industries etc. Talpurs crushed Kalhora regime in the bloody battle of Halaani held in 1196 Hijri corresponding to 1782 (near Kandiaro), after decline of Kalhora, Talpurs came into power. Mir Sohrab Khan Talpur was establisher of Khairpur State. Khairpur state’s people were very hospitable and their culture was very pretty and fertile land. State had owned benevolent foreign policy so they maintained amicable and cordial relations with other states and countries. Before the Mir Ali Nawaz Khan era (1921-35) the economical circumstances of state were preferable, in the beginning years of Mir Ali Nawaz Khan state economy was sound, later on became feeble. Mir Ali Nawaz Khan (ruler) began to love with a singer of Hera Mandi (Lahore) her name was Iqbal Begum Alias Bali with heart and soul but Bali’s eyes were filled with greed. Mir Ali Nawaz Khan married with Bali in 1924. One accomplishment is limpid that, Khairpur state was so affected by the relationship of Bali and Naz. This research paper represents the historic and critical background of Khairpur state especially Mir Ali Nawaz Khan era.

Present research set out the public and private agricultural extension services with the term of human resources practices. Five districts, one from each ecological zone, were taken purposively: namely Kech, Lasbela, Kalat, Killa Saifullah and Sibi. A sample of (250) farmers and (100) public and private Extension Field Staff (EFS) was taken as sample size by using the multi-stage random sampling technique. Null hypothesis was also tested in order to know the variances in the perceptions of the respondents. The results revealed that majority (88.5 percent) of the farmers did not receive any farm visits from public EFS. Majority (87.7 percent) of the farmers receive regular visit by private EFS. Farmer’s ranked field day and seminar 1st and 2nd respectively. Overwhelming majority of the farmers received result demonstration methods (68. 92 percent) by private EFS, which were ranked first. While private EFS provided the HRD practices (70.6 percent). Private extension services have extra strength against to public extension, while public extension services have more flaws as weaknesses and are facing problems in technology transfer process. The study recommended that public EEFS should visit the farmer’s farm and home regularly. Result demonstration and campaign should be organized at union council level as these methods were perceived effective. Private extension services should use holistic tactic plus contact those farmers who have small land holding size.

The purpose of this research is to explore the influence of service quality and purchase intention of customer of RT restaurants of Sukkur. Strategically, researcher use non probability convenient sampling method. Sample of 146 customers in two RT restaurants of Sukkur participate in this research, the results show the higher reliability and validity of tool used in this research. Furthermore, 88.7 percent model is fitted in this research which represents the goodness of the model. This research conclude that Tangibility, Responsiveness and Empathy has a positive and significant influence on purchase intention however, results of Reliability and Assurance shows insignificant relation with purchase intention. Moreover, this research shows that higher service quality influence purchase intention of the customer in RT restruant of Sukkur.

This research discovers the influence of fiscal decentralization on economic growth in Pakistan. The secondary data for the period of 33 years from 1980 to 2012 has been used. Regression has been used with the support of Eviews6.1 software. The chief variables like Central Transfers to its provinces, literacy and tax to Gross Domestic Product have significant influence on economic expansion of country. This research has analyzed the horizontal distribution of resources based on population density. The horizontal resources distribution mechanism has been extended through including other elements i.e. inverse population density, poverty, revenue generation, revenue collection and backwardness. The minor weightage has been given to these factors. The study recommends that the horizontal resource distribution must be broadened in real sense by giving appropriate weightage to other factors.

The study is attempts to examine the impacts of weather changes on production of major crops like cotton, maize, rice, sugarcane and wheat of Pakistan. For this study, secondary data on cop production, precipitation and temperature were collected from various sources during 2005-2014, due to its availability. Results revealed that increase in one degree Celsius temperature, can bring change of 149.47 thousand tons in rice production, 3493.39 thousand tons in sugarcane production, which may declined 378.76 thousand tons in wheat production, 381.157 thousand tons in maize production and 55.27 thousand tons in cotton production. On the other hand, one additional millimeter rainfall can bring significant changes in all the cash crop productivity. While checking the reliability of the variables. It was found that Rsquare for rice, sugarcane, wheat, maize and cotton was about 0.6786, 0.6463, 0.6339, 0.6576 and 0.7143 respectively, which is considered as good fit to the model. This research suggests that technical information regarding the climate change should be disseminated to the farmers by Agriculture Extension and Research departments, since it has also impacts on the cropping calendar in the country.

Entrepreneurship is a main contributor in economy for creation of new jobs, ventures, and innovations. Social Entrepreneurship, on the other side, is an innovation, which addresses social problems and sufferings of people. This paper aims to understand concept of Social Entrepreneurship and investigates motivations behind social entrepreneurial intentions of social entrepreneurs. This paper contains two studies. First study explores how a physically challenged poor girl takes initiative and establishes a school to teach more than 200 children of poor peasants, how a group of likeminded convened through social network to address the sufferings of flood and famine affected people of Sindh, Pakistan and how organizations managed to cure the patients of leprosy, tuberculosis, and blindness. In the second study, an empirical investigation of determinants of social entrepreneurial intention is done by analyzing responses from 100 practical social entrepreneurs working in collaboration with a nationally representative NGO. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) results of second study reveal that entrepreneurial attitude and social entrepreneurial self-efficacy have positive and significant relationship with social entrepreneurial intention.

This study attempts to re-examine the random walk hypothesis for BRICS-P countries; Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa and Pakistan by using daily stock returns ranging from January 2000 to March 2017. The hypothesis is tested through Variance Ratio Tests including the conventional Lo- MacKinlay, Chow Denning, new Wright’s rank, Sign tests, Hang and Kim sub sampling tests. Results under all individual and joint testing methods show that the stock prices in sample countries do not follow the random walk. These findings indicate intertemporal predictability that relates with investors’ astute. This study recommends investors to focus more to capture risk-adjusted abnormal returns and to devise their trading strategies accordingly.

This study was intended to investigate the determinants of turnover intention among employees working in fast food industry in Karachi. In order to confirm the purpose the 400 respondents were requested to fill the predesigned questionnaire. Structural equation modeling using AMOS 20 was used to analyze the collected data. Basic assumptions of SEM were ensured. It was found that working environment, employee empowerment and organizational culture plays significant role in predicting the turnover intention among employees. The management of fast food industry is required to develop congenial working environment, delegate some authority to employees to execute their every day responsibility.

Microfinance is playing a significant role in poverty alleviation. The current study focused on the impact of microfinance on poverty alleviation in Sindh. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of loan and income on the poverty alleviation among the respondents in Sindh. The target population for this study was the respondents who are the customers of Khushhali Bank Limited in the Sukkur region Sindh and the sample size was of 370. The survey has been conducted to collect the data through the closeended questionnaire. The SPSS v.21 software was used to analyze the data. The relationship among the study variables measured by using the Pearson correlation and the regression technique was used to know the impact among the study variables (Dependent/Independent). In this research, the study variables are significantly correlated with each other and have a significant impact among the study variables. The current study reveals that the effective provision and easy access of microfinance can empower the poor to maintain their consumption level, develop micro enterprises and gradually increase their assets. It helps in generating income to improve their living standards and can enjoy the quality of life. With little effort, microfinance institutions can improve their performance and play a big role in alleviating the poverty of their customers in Sindh. The conclusion drawn from this study found a significant relationship among the study variables and the microfinance as a key factor for alleviating poverty among the respondents in Sindh.